Tru64 UNIX
Compaq C Language Reference Manual


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specifier-qualifier-list: (§3.5.2.1)

type-specifier specifier-qualifier-listopt
type-qualifier specifier-qualifier-listopt

struct-declarator-list: (§3.5.2.1)

struct-declarator
struct-declarator-list , struct-declarator

struct-declarator: (§3.5.2.1)

declarator
declaratoropt : constant-expression

enum-specifier: (§3.5.2.2)

enum identifieropt {enumerator-list }
enum identifieropt {enumerator-list , }
enum identifier

enumerator-list: (§3.5.2.2)

enumerator
enumerator-list , enumerator

enumerator: (§3.5.2.2)

enumeration-constant
enumeration-constant = constant-expression

type-qualifier: (§3.5.3)

const
volatile

declarator: (§3.5.4)

pointeropt direct-declarator

direct-declarator: (§3.5.4)

identifier
( declarator )
direct-declarator [ constant-expressionopt ]
direct-declarator ( parameter-type-list )
direct-declarator ( identifier-listopt )

pointer: (§3.5.4)

* type-qualifier-listopt
* type-qualifier-listopt pointer

type-qualifier-list: (§3.5.4)

type-qualifier
type-qualifier-list type-qualifier

parameter-type-list: (§3.5.4)

parameter-list
parameter-list , ...

parameter-list: (§3.5.4)

parameter-declaration
parameter-list , parameter-declaration

parameter-declaration: (§3.5.4)

declaration-specifiers declarator
declaration-specifiers abstract-declaratoropt

identifier-list: (§3.5.4)

identifier
identifier-list , identifier

type-name: (§3.5.5)

specifier-qualifier-list abstract-declaratoropt

abstract-declarator: (§3.5.5)

pointer
pointeropt direct-abstract-declarator

direct-abstract-declarator: (§3.5.5)

( abstract-declarator )
direct-abstract-declaratoropt [ constant-expressionopt ]
direct-abstract-declaratoropt ( parameter-type-listopt )

typedef-name: (§3.5.6)

identifier

initializer: (§3.5.7)

assignment-expression
{ initializer-list }
{ initializer-list , }

initializer-list: (§3.5.7)

initializer
initializer-list , initializer

A.1.2.3 Statements

statement: (§3.6)

labeled-statement
compound-statement
expression-statement
selection-statement
iteration-statement
jump-statement

labeled-statement: (§3.6.1)

identifier : statement
case constant-expression : statement
default : statement

compound-statement: (§3.6.2)

{ declaration-listopt statement-listopt }

declaration-list: (§3.6.2)

declaration
declaration-list declaration

statement-list: (§3.6.2)

statement
statement-list statement

expression-statement: (§3.6.3)

expressionopt ;

selection-statement: (§3.6.4)

if ( expression ) statement
if ( expression ) statement else statement
switch ( expression) statement

iteration-statement: (§3.6.5)

while ( expression ) statement
do statement while ( expression ) ;
for ( expressionopt ; expressionopt ; expressionopt ) statement

jump-statement: (§3.6.6)

goto identifier ;
continue ;
break ;
return expressionopt ;

A.1.2.4 External Definitions

translation-unit: (§3.7)

external-declaration
translation-unit external-declaration

external-declaration: (§3.7)

function-definition
declaration

function-definition: (§3.7.1)

declaration-specifiersopt declarator declaration-listopt compound-statement

A.1.3 Preprocessing Directives

preprocessing-file: (§3.8)

groupopt

group: (§3.8)

group-part
group group-part

group-part: (§3.8)

pp-tokensopt new-line
if-section
control-line

if-section: (§3.8.1)

if-group elif-groupsopt else-groupopt endif-line

if-group: (§3.8.1)

#if constant-expression new-line groupopt
#ifdef identifier new-line groupopt
#ifndef identifier new-line groupopt

elif-groups: (§3.8.1)

elif-group
elif-groups elif-group

elif-group: (§3.8.1)

#elif constant-expression new-line groupopt

else-group: (§3.8.1)

#else new-line groupopt

endif-line: (§3.8.1)

#endif new-line

control-line:

#include pp-tokens new-line (§3.8.2)
#define identifier replacement-list new-line (§3.8.3)
#define identifier (identifier-list)opt replacement-list new-line (§3.8.3)
#undef identifier new-line (§3.8.3)
#line pp-tokens new-line (§3.8.4)
#error pp-tokensopt new-line (§3.8.5)
#pragma pp-tokensopt new-line (§3.8.6)
# new-line (§3.8.7)

lparen: (§3.8.3)

the left parenthesis character without preceding white space

replacement-list: (§3.8.3)

pp-tokensopt

pp-tokens: (§3.8)

preprocessing-token
pp-tokens preprocessing-token

new-line: (§3.8)

the new-line character


Appendix B
ANSI Conformance Summary

Compaq C conforms to the ANSI standard for the Programming Language C, as specified by the X3J11 Technical Committee and documented in the American National Standard for Information Systems--Programming Language C (document number: X3.159-1989). Compaq C has successfully passed the Plum-Hall test suite for ANSI conformance. In strict ANSI C mode, the Compaq C compiler is a conforming implementation as described by the ANSI C Standard in Section 1.7, Compliance: " A conforming hosted implementation shall accept any strictly conforming program. A conforming implementation can have extensions (including additional library functions), provided they do not alter the behavior of any strictly conforming program. "

The ANSI C Standard defines a strictly conforming program as:

" A strictly conforming program shall use only those features of the language and library specified in this Standard. It shall not produce output dependent on any unspecified, undefined, or implementation-defined behavior, and shall not exceed any minimum implementation limit. "

" An implementation shall be accompanied by a document that defines all implementation-defined characteristics and all extensions. "

As with most language definitions, the ANSI C Standard does not encompass the entire definition of the C language available within an implementation. The C implementations currently supported by Compaq include a number of features that are not defined in the ANSI C Standard.

The rest of this section describes the compiler's functionality in a format mirroring the outline of the ANSI C Standard. The relevant ANSI C Standard section number is shown in parentheses following each heading. If a heading from the ANSI C Standard is missing from this description, Compaq C conforms to the Standard exactly, without extension or implementation-defined behavior.

The following sections document only the extensions and implementation-defined portions of the Compaq C language. Together with the ANSI C Standard, this section completely specifies the Compaq C implementation of the C language. The ANSI C Standard is referred to as "the Standard" throughout this appendix.

B.1 Diagnostics (§2.1.1.3)

A diagnostic message is produced for the first violation of a syntax rule or constraint specified in the Standard. Subsequent violations are reported if they are not hidden by previous violations.

B.2 Hosted Environment (§2.1.2.2)

The semantics of the arguments to main() , including envp , are determined by the programming environment. See your platform-specific Compaq C documentation for information on arguments to main() .

B.3 Multibyte Characters (§2.2.1.2)

The shift states used for the encoding of multibyte characters are dependent on translation tables available on the local system. A particular character set is supported by the language if the local system's translation tables support it.

B.4 Escape Sequences (§2.2.2)

Elements within a character constant or string literal of the source character set are mapped directly into the elements of the execution character set. Escape sequences other than those defined by the Standard are diagnosed with a warning and the backslash is ignored, so that the character constant's or string literal's value is the same as if the backslash were not present.

B.5 Translation Limits (§2.2.4.1)

Translation limits vary across platforms because of differences in the underlying machine architecture and operating systems. Otherwise, Compaq C avoids imposing translation limits.

The following lists show the only limits imposed in Compaq C. Translation limits listed in the Standard, but not in the following list, are not imposed in Compaq C:

On Tru64 UNIX systems:

On OpenVMS systems:

B.6 Numerical Limits (§2.2.4.2)

Compaq C's numerical limits are defined in the limits.h and float.h header files. These header files contain the implementation-defined values so that the following descriptions hold:

Any limits not found in the previous list are defined as shown in the Standard.

B.7 Keywords (§3.1.1)

The __inline , __unaligned , and __restrict keywords are supported on OpenVMS Alpha systems and Tru64 UNIX systems.

All VAX C keywords are supported in VAX C mode. They are:

The following keywords are accepted on Tru64 UNIX systems, but result in a warning:

On Tru64 UNIX systems, globaldef and initialized globalvalue declarations are treated as external definitions. globalref and uninitialized globalvalue declarations are treated as if they were declared extern .

Note

The MAIN_PROGRAM option is also available with the VAX C compatibility option on OpenVMS systems.

B.8 Identifiers (§3.1.2)

An identifier can include the character dollar sign ($). (A warning is given for this in strict ANSI mode.)

On Tru64 UNIX systems, case distinctions are always significant in an identifier with external linkage.

On OpenVMS systems, all identifier names with external linkage are converted to uppercase by default, but this can be controlled with a command-line option.


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