SUM

Syntax

Purpose

SUM returns the sum of values of expr. You can use it as an aggregate or analytic function.

This function takes as an argument any numeric datatype or any nonnumeric datatype that can be implicitly converted to a numeric datatype. The function returns the same datatype as the numeric datatype of the argument.

If you specify DISTINCT, then you can specify only the query_partition_clause of the analytic_clause. The order_by_clause and windowing_clause are not allowed.

Aggregate Example

The following example calculates the sum of all salaries in the sample hr.employees table:

SELECT SUM(salary) "Total"
     FROM employees;
 
     Total
----------
    691400

Analytic Example

The following example calculates, for each manager in the sample table hr.employees, a cumulative total of salaries of employees who answer to that manager that are equal to or less than the current salary. You can see that Raphaely and Cambrault have the same cumulative total. This is because Raphaely and Cambrault have the identical salaries, so Oracle Database adds together their salary values and applies the same cumulative total to both rows.

SELECT manager_id, last_name, salary,
   SUM(salary) OVER (PARTITION BY manager_id ORDER BY salary
   RANGE UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) l_csum
   FROM employees
   ORDER BY manager_id, last_name, salary, l_csum;

MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME           SALARY     L_CSUM
---------- --------------- ---------- ----------
MANAGER_ID LAST_NAME                     SALARY     L_CSUM
---------- ------------------------- ---------- ----------
       100 Cambrault                      11000      68900
       100 De Haan                        17000     155400
       100 Errazuriz                      12000      80900
       100 Fripp                           8200      36400
       100 Hartstein                      13000      93900
       100 Kaufling                        7900      20200
       100 Kochhar                        17000     155400
       100 Mourgos                         5800       5800
       100 Partners                       13500     107400
       100 Raphaely                       11000      68900
       100 Russell                        14000     121400
. . .
       149 Hutton                          8800      39000
       149 Johnson                         6200       6200
       149 Livingston                      8400      21600
       149 Taylor                          8600      30200
       201 Fay                             6000       6000
       205 Gietz                           8300       8300
           King                           24000      24000