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Oracle® Database Net Services Administrator's Guide
11g Release 1 (11.1)
Part Number B28316-01
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Contents
Title and Copyright Information
Preface
Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Related Documentation
Conventions
What's New in Oracle Net Services?
Oracle Database 11
g
New Features in Oracle Net Services
Part I Getting Started with Oracle Net Services
1
Introduction to Oracle Net Services
About Oracle Net Services
Connectivity
Client/Server Application Connections
Web Client Application Connections
Web Client Connections Without an Application Web Server
Manageability
Location Transparency
Centralized Configuration and Management
Quick Installation and Configuration
Internet and Intranet Scalability
Shared Server
Performance Between the Middle Tier and Oracle Database
Network Security
Firewall Access Control
Protocol Access Control
A Suite of Networking Components
Oracle Net
Oracle Net Foundation Layer
Oracle Protocol Support
Oracle Net Listener
Oracle Connection Manager
Networking Tools
Oracle Advanced Security
2
Quick Start to Oracle Net Connections
Prerequisites to Establishing Connectivity
Task 1: Confirm Network Availability
Task 2: Start Oracle Net Listener and the Oracle Database Server
Task 3: Configure the Client for Connection to a Database
Task 4: Connect to the Database
3
Connectivity Concepts
Database Service and Database Instance Identification
Database Services
Database Instances
Service Accessibility
Enhanced Service Accessibility with Multiple Listeners
Connect-Time Failover
Transparent Application Failover
Client Load Balancing
Connection Load Balancing
Service Handlers
Dispatchers
Dedicated Server Processes
Database Resident Connection Pooling
Naming
4
Configuration Management Concepts
Configuration Models
Localized Configuration File Support
Directory Server Support
Directory Naming Overview
Naming Configuration Storage in a Directory Server
Net Service Alias Entries
Directory Entries
Adding or Modifying Entries in the Directory Server
Client Connections Using Directory Naming
Using the Entry's Relative Name
Using the Entry's Absolute Name
Oracle Net Configuration and Directory Server Design
Performance
Security
Schema
Limitations of Directory Naming Support with Microsoft Active Directory
5
Architecture of Oracle Net Services
Oracle Net Stack Communication Architecture
Stack Communication for Client/Server Application Connections
Stack Communication for Java Application Connections
Stack Communication for Web Client Connections
Listener Architecture
Database Server Process Architecture
Shared Server Processes
Dedicated Server Processes
Oracle Connection Manager Architecture
A Complete Architecture
6
Configuration and Administration Tools Overview
User Interface Tools
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle Net Manager
Selecting When to Use Oracle Enterprise Manager and Oracle Net Manager
Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
Oracle Net Control Utilities
Listener Control Utility
Oracle Connection Manager Control Utility
Duties of a Network Administrator
Part II Configuration and Administration of Oracle Net Services
7
Planning the Network
Deploying a Network Inside an Organization
Scalability
Shared Server
Connection Pooling
Session Multiplexing
Availability
Connect-Time Failover
Client Load Balancing
Naming Methods
JDBC Drivers
Security
Tuning and Performance
Listener Queue Size
Session Data Unit (SDU) Size
Protocol Conversion
Deploying a Network for the Internet
Scalability
Availability
Naming Methods
JDBC Drivers
Security
Access Control
Listener and Database Server Connection Limits
Tuning and Performance
Naming Considerations
Performance Considerations
Listener Queue Size
Session Data Unit Size for Data Transfer Optimization
Persistent Buffer Flushing for TCP/IP
Planning Summary
8
Configuring Naming Methods
Naming Method Configuration Overview
About Connect Descriptors
Naming Methods
Using the Easy Connect Naming Method
Configuring the Local Naming Method
Configuring the tnsnames.ora File During Installation
Administrator or Runtime Installation
Custom Installation
Configuring the tnsnames.ora File After Installation
Task 1: Configure Net Service Names
Task 2: Configure TNSNAMES as the First Naming Method
Task 3: Distribute Configuration
Task 4: Configure the Listener
Task 5: Connect to the Database
Configuring the Directory Naming Method
Directory Naming Method Configuration Steps
Task 1: Verify Directory Version Compatibility
Task 2: Create or Modify Net Entries
Task 3: Configure LDAP as the First Naming Method for Client Lookups
Task 4: Configure the Listener
Task 5: Connect to the Database
Administering the OracleNetAdmins Group
Exporting Local Naming Entries to a Directory Naming Server
Exporting Net Service Names from a tnsnames.ora File
Creating Multiple Default Contexts in a Directory Naming Server
Exporting Directory Naming Entries to a tnsnames.ora File
Configuring External Naming Methods
Network Information Service
Task 1: Configure NIS Servers to Support the NIS External Naming
Task 2: Configure Clients
Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) Cell Directory Service (CDS)
9
Configuring Profiles
Profile Configuration Overview
Profile Configuration During Installation
Configuring Client Attributes for Names Resolution
Configuring a Default Domain for Clients
Prioritizing Naming Methods
Routing Connection Requests
Configuring Database Access Control
Configuring Advanced Profile Information
Configuring External Naming Methods
Configuring Oracle Advanced Security
10
Configuring and Administering Oracle Net Listener
Oracle Net Listener Configuration Overview
Oracle Net Listener Configuration During Installation
Customizing Oracle Net Listener Configuration
Configuring Listening Protocol Addresses
Configuring Access to Oracle JServer
Handling Large Volumes of Concurrent Connection Requests
Configuring Static Service Information
Default Oracle Net Listener Administration
Using COST Parameters and Other Secure Transports
Configuring Passwords for Oracle Net Listener
Changing the Oracle Net Listener Password
Configuring Service Registration
Configuring Service Registration
Registering Information with the Default, Local Listener
Registering Information with a Nondefault Listener
Registering Information with a Remote Listener
Configuring a Naming Method
Listener Administration
Starting and Stopping a Listener
Determining the Current Status of a Listener
Monitoring Services of a Listener
Monitoring Listener Log Files
11
Configuring and Administering Oracle Connection Manager
Oracle Connection Manager Configuration Overview
Configuring Oracle Connection Manager
Configuring the Oracle Connection Manager Computer
Listening Endpoint (ADDRESS)
Access Control Rule List (RULE_LIST)
Parameter List (PARAMETER_LIST)
Configuring Clients for Oracle Connection Manager
Configuring the Oracle Database Server for Oracle Connection Manager
Service Registration Configuration
Session Multiplexing Configuration
Enabling Oracle Connection Manager Features
Enabling Session Multiplexing
Enabling Access Control
Migrating cman.ora from Oracle9
i
to Oracle Database 11
g
12
Configuring Dispatchers
Configuring Dispatchers
Enabling Connection Pooling
Enabling Session Multiplexing
Grouping Services by Dispatcher
Configuring Clients for Environments Using Both Dedicated Server and Shared Server
13
Enabling Advanced Features of Oracle Net Services
Configuring Advanced Network Address and Connect Data Information
Creating a List of Listener Protocol Addresses
Configuring Address List Parameters
Configuring Advanced Connect Data Parameters
Configuring Connection Load Balancing
Example: Connection Pool Load Balancing for Shared Server Configuration
Example: Connection Pool Load Balancing for Dedicated Server Configuration
Configuring Transparent Application Failover
About TAF
What TAF Restores
Client-Server Database Connections
Users' Database Sessions
Executed Commands
Open Cursors Used for Fetching
Active Transactions
Serverside Program Variables
TAF Database Configurations
FAILOVER_MODE Parameters
TAF Implementation
Example: TAF with Connect-Time Failover and Client Load Balancing
Example: TAF Retrying a Connection
Example: TAF Pre-Establishing a Connection
TAF Verification
Specifying the Instance Role for Primary and Secondary Instance Configurations
Configuring Connections to Non-Oracle Database Services
Default Configuration for External Procedures
Configuring Oracle Net Services for External Procedures
Configuring Oracle Net Services for Oracle Heterogeneous Services
Configuring Oracle Net Services for an Oracle Rdb Database
14
Optimizing Performance
Configuring Session Data Unit
Configuring I/O Buffer Space
Configuring SDP Protocol Support for Infiniband Network Communication to the Database Server
Configuring the Listener and the Oracle Database To Limit Resource Consumption By Unauthorized Users
Part III Testing and Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services
15
Establishing a Network and Testing the Connection
Connecting to a Database
Starting Oracle Net Services Components
Task 1: Start the Listener
Task 2: Start the Database
Task 3: Start Oracle Connection Manager
Entering a Connect String
Connect Identifier and Connect Descriptor Syntax Characteristics
Absolute Name Specification for Directory Naming
Initiating Connections
Connecting from the Operating System to Test a Client
Connecting from the Tool Logon Screen to Test a Client
Connecting from 3GL to Test a Client
Connecting Using Special Commands Within Tools
Testing the Network
Testing a Listener
Testing Oracle Connection Manager
Testing Configuration on the Database Server
Testing Network Connectivity from the Client
TNSPING Utility
TRCROUTE Utility
Oracle Net Manager
16
Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services
Diagnosing Oracle Net Services
Automatic Diagnostic Repository
ADRCI: ADR Command Interpreter
Server Diagnostics
Task 1: Verify the Database Is Running
Task 2: Perform a Loopback Test
Client Diagnostics
Resolving the Most Common Error Messages for Oracle Net Services
Troubleshooting Directory Naming Errors
Troubleshooting Tips from the Field for Oracle Net Services
Questions to Ask When Troubleshooting Oracle Net Services
Troubleshooting the TNS-12154 Error
Problem Description for TNS-12154
Troubleshooting TNS-12154 on UNIX
Troubleshooting Network Problems Using Log and Trace Files
Logging Error Information for Oracle Net Services
Oracle Net Error Stacks
Example: Error Stack
Oracle Net Services Log File Names
Setting Logging Parameters
sqlnet.ora Log Parameters
listener.ora Log Parameters
cman.ora Log Parameters
Setting Logging Parameters in Configuration Files
Setting Logging Settings During Runtime of Control Utilities
Using Log Files
Analyzing Listener Log Files
Listener Log Audit Trail Information
Listener Service Registration Event Information
Listener Direct Hand-Off Information
Listener Subscription for ONS Node Down Event Information
Listener Oracle Clusterware Notification Information
Analyzing Oracle Connection Manager Logs
CMADMIN Log File Example
Gateway Log File Example
Tracing Error Information for Oracle Net Services
Oracle Net Services Trace File Names
Setting Tracing Parameters
sqlnet.ora Trace Parameters
listener.ora Trace Parameters
cman.ora Trace Parameters
Setting Tracing Parameters in Configuration Files
Setting Tracing Settings During Runtime of Control Utilities
Evaluating Oracle Net Services Traces
Flow of Data Packets Between Network Nodes
Oracle Net Data Packet Formats
Pertinent Oracle Net Trace Error Output
Using the Trace Assistant to Examine Trace Files
Trace Assistant Syntax
Packet Examples
Two-Task Common Packet Examples
Connection Example
Statistics Example
Contacting Oracle Support Services
Glossary
Index
