Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documentation
• Conventions
• Command Syntax
• Terminology
• Accessing Documentation
• Third Party Software Notices

1 Administering Oracle Database

• 1.1 Overview
• 1.2 Environment Variables
• • 1.2.1 Oracle Database Environment Variables
  • 1.2.2 UNIX Environment Variables
  • 1.2.3 Setting a Common Environment
  • 1.2.4 Setting the System Time Zone
• 1.3 Initialization Parameters
• • 1.3.1 DB_BLOCK_SIZE Initialization Parameter
  • 1.3.2 ASM_DISKSTRING Initialization Parameter
  • 1.3.3 LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_n Initialization Parameter
• 1.4 Operating System Accounts and Groups
• • 1.4.1 Oracle Software Owner Account
  • 1.4.2 OSDBA, OSOPER, and Oracle Inventory Groups
  • 1.4.3 Groups and Security
  • 1.4.4 External Authentication
  • 1.4.5 Running the orapwd Utility
  • 1.4.6 Password Management
  • 1.4.7 Creating Additional Operating System Accounts
  • 1.4.8 Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users
• 1.5 Using Raw Devices
• • 1.5.1 Guidelines for Using Raw Devices
  • 1.5.2 Raw Device Setup
  • 1.5.3 Raw Device Data Files on AIX and Tru64 UNIX Systems
  • 1.5.4 Raw Device Support on Linux Systems
• 1.6 Using Trace and Alert Files
• • 1.6.1 Trace Files
  • 1.6.2 Alert Files

2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Software

• 2.1 Stopping and Starting Oracle Processes
• • 2.1.1 Starting Oracle Processes on Mac OS X
  • 2.1.2 Stopping and Starting Oracle Database and Automatic Storage Management Instances
  • 2.1.3 Stopping and Starting Oracle CSS Daemon
  • 2.1.4 Stopping and Starting an Oracle Net Listener
  • 2.1.5 Stopping and Starting iSQL*Plus
  • 2.1.6 Stopping and Starting Oracle Ultra Search
  • 2.1.7 Stopping and Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control
  • 2.1.8 Stopping and Starting Oracle Management Agent
• 2.2 Automating Shutdown and Startup
• • 2.2.1 Automating Database Shutdown and Startup on Mac OS X
  • 2.2.2 Automating Database Startup and Shutdown on Other Operating Systems

3 Configuring Oracle Database

• 3.1 Configuring Oracle Database for Additional Oracle Products
• 3.2 Using Configuration Assistants as Standalone Tools
• • 3.2.1 Using Oracle Net Configuration Assistant
  • 3.2.2 Using Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant
  • 3.2.3 Using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant
  • 3.2.4 Configuring New or Upgraded Databases
• 3.3 Relinking Executables

4 Administering SQL*Plus

• 4.1 Administering Command-Line SQL*Plus
• • 4.1.1 Using Setup Files
  • 4.1.2 Using the PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE Table
  • 4.1.3 Using Oracle Database Sample Schemas
  • 4.1.4 Installing and Removing SQL*Plus Command-Line Help
  • • 4.1.4.1 Installing SQL*Plus Command-Line Help
    • 4.1.4.2 Removing SQL*Plus Command-Line Help
• 4.2 Using Command-Line SQL*Plus
• • 4.2.1 Using a System Editor from SQL*Plus
  • 4.2.2 Running Operating System Commands from SQL*Plus
  • 4.2.3 Interrupting SQL*Plus
  • 4.2.4 Using the SPOOL Command
• 4.3 SQL*Plus Restrictions
• • 4.3.1 Resizing Windows
  • 4.3.2 Return Codes
  • 4.3.3 Hiding Your Password

5 Configuring Oracle Net Services

• 5.1 Locating Oracle Net Services Configuration Files
• 5.2 adapters Utility
• 5.3 Oracle Protocol Support
• • 5.3.1 IPC Protocol Support
  • 5.3.2 TCP/IP Protocol Support
  • 5.3.3 TCP/IP with SSL Protocol Support
• 5.4 Setting Up the Listener for TCP/IP or TCP/IP with SSL
• 5.5 Oracle Advanced Security

6 Using Oracle Precompilers and the Oracle Call Interface

• 6.1 Overview of Oracle Precompilers
• • 6.1.1 Precompiler Configuration Files
  • 6.1.2 Relinking Precompiler Executables
  • 6.1.3 Precompiler README Files
  • 6.1.4 Issues Common to All Precompilers
  • 6.1.5 Static and Dynamic Linking
  • 6.1.6 Client Shared and Static Libraries
• 6.2 Bit-Length Support for Client Applications
• 6.3 Pro*C/C++ Precompiler
• • 6.3.1 Pro*C/C++ Demonstration Programs
  • 6.3.2 Pro*C/C++ User Programs
• 6.4 Pro*COBOL Precompiler
• • 6.4.1 Pro*COBOL Environment Variables
  • • 6.4.1.1 Acucorp ACUCOBOL-GT COBOL Compiler
    • 6.4.1.2 Micro Focus Server Express COBOL Compiler
  • 6.4.2 Pro*COBOL Oracle Runtime System
  • 6.4.3 Pro*COBOL Demonstration Programs
  • 6.4.4 Pro*COBOL User Programs
  • 6.4.5 FORMAT Precompiler Option
• 6.5 Pro*FORTRAN Precompiler
• • 6.5.1 Pro*FORTRAN Demonstration Programs
  • 6.5.2 Pro*FORTRAN User Programs
• 6.6 SQL*Module for ADA
• • 6.6.1 SQL*Module for Ada Demonstration Programs
  • 6.6.2 SQL*Module for Ada User Programs
• 6.7 OCI and OCCI
• • 6.7.1 OCI and OCCI Demonstration Programs
  • 6.7.2 OCI and OCCI User Programs
• 6.8 Oracle JDBC/OCI Programs with a 64-Bit Driver
• 6.9 Custom Make Files
• 6.10 Correcting Undefined Symbols
• 6.11 Multithreaded Applications
• 6.12 Using Signal Handlers
• 6.13 XA Functionality

7   SQL*Loader and PL/SQL Demonstrations

• 7.1 SQL*Loader Demonstrations
• 7.2 PL/SQL Demonstrations
• 7.3 Calling 32-Bit External Procedures from PL/SQL

8 Tuning Oracle Database

• 8.1 Importance of Tuning
• 8.2 Operating System Tools
• • 8.2.1 vmstat
  • 8.2.2 sar
  • 8.2.3 iostat
  • 8.2.4 swap, swapinfo, swapon, or lsps
  • 8.2.5 AIX Tools
  • • 8.2.5.1 Base Operation System Tools
    • 8.2.5.2 Performance Toolbox
    • 8.2.5.3 System Management Interface Tool
  • 8.2.6 HP-UX Tools
  • 8.2.7 Linux Tools
  • 8.2.8 Solaris Tools
  • 8.2.9 Mac OS X Tools
• 8.3 Tuning Memory Management
• • 8.3.1 Allocating Sufficient Swap Space
  • 8.3.2 Controlling Paging
  • 8.3.3 Adjusting Oracle Block Size
• 8.4 Tuning Disk I/O
• • 8.4.1 Using Automatic Storage Management
  • 8.4.2 Choosing the Appropriate File System Type
• 8.5 Monitoring Disk Performance
• 8.6 System Global Area
• • 8.6.1 Determining the Size of the SGA
  • 8.6.2 Shared Memory on AIX
• 8.7 Tuning the Operating System Buffer Cache

A Administering Oracle Database on AIX

• A.1 Memory and Paging
• • A.1.1 Controlling Buffer-Cache Paging Activity
  • A.1.2 Tuning the AIX File Buffer Cache
  • A.1.3 Allocating Sufficient Paging Space
  • A.1.4 Controlling Paging
  • A.1.5 Setting the Database Block Size
  • A.1.6 Tuning the Log Archive Buffers
  • A.1.7 I/O Buffers and SQL*Loader
• A.2 Disk I/O Issues
• • A.2.1 AIX Logical Volume Manager
  • A.2.2 Using Journaled File Systems Compared to Raw Logical Volumes
  • A.2.3 Using Asynchronous I/O
  • A.2.4 I/O Slaves
  • A.2.5 Using the DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK_READ_COUNT Parameter
  • A.2.6 Using Write Behind
  • A.2.7 Tuning Sequential Read Ahead
  • A.2.8 Tuning Disk I/O Pacing
  • A.2.9 Resilvering with Oracle Database
  • A.2.10 Backing Up Raw Devices
• A.3 CPU Scheduling and Process Priorities
• • A.3.1 Changing Process Running Time Slice
  • A.3.2 Using Processor Binding on SMP Systems
• A.4 Setting the AIXTHREAD_SCOPE Environment Variable
• A.5 Network Information Service (NIS) external naming support
• A.6 Simultaneous Multi-threading (SMT) on AIX 5.3

B Administering Oracle Database on HP-UX

• B.1 HP-UX Shared Memory Segments for an Oracle Instance
• B.2 HP-UX SCHED_NOAGE Scheduling Policy
• • B.2.1 Enabling SCHED_NOAGE for Oracle Database
• B.3 Lightweight Timer Implementation
• B.4 Asynchronous I/O
• • B.4.1 MLOCK Privilege
  • B.4.2 Implementing Asynchronous I/O
  • B.4.3 Verifying Asynchronous I/O
  • • B.4.3.1 Verifying That HP-UX Asynchronous Driver is Configured for Oracle Database
    • B.4.3.2 Verifying that Oracle Database is Using Asynchronous I/O
  • B.4.4 Asynchronous Flag in SGA
• B.5 Large Memory Allocations and Oracle Database Tuning
• • B.5.1 Persistent Private SQL Areas and Memory
  • B.5.2 Default Large Virtual Memory Page Size
  • B.5.3 Tuning Recommendations
• B.6 CPU_COUNT Initialization Parameter and HP-UX Dynamic Processor Reconfiguration
• B.7 Network Information Service (NIS) external naming support

C Administering Oracle Database on Linux

• C.1 Extended Buffer Cache Support
• C.2 Using hugetlbfs on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9
• C.3 Using hugetlbfs on Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3
• C.4 Increasing SGA Address Space
• C.5 Asynchronous I/O Support
• C.6 Direct I/O Support
• C.7 semtimedop Support
• C.8 High-Speed Network Support

D Administering Oracle Database on Mac OS X

• D.1 Determining Available and Used Swap Space

E Administering Oracle Database on Solaris

• E.1 Intimate Shared Memory

F Administering Oracle Database on Tru64 UNIX

• F.1 Enabling Oracle Database Directed Placement Optimizations
• • F.1.1 Requirements to Run the Directed Placement Optimizations
  • F.1.2 Enabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations
  • F.1.3 Disabling Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations
  • F.1.4 Using Oracle Directed Placement Optimizations
  • F.1.5 Oracle Initialization Parameters
  • F.1.6 Tru64 UNIX Subsystem Attributes
  • F.1.7 Process Affinity to RADs
  • F.1.8 Restricting Oracle Database to a Subset of the Number of RADs on the System
• F.2 Supporting Mixed CPU Systems
• F.3 Gathering Database Statistics on Tru64 UNIX
• F.4 Tuning Asynchronous I/O
• • F.4.1 aio_task_max_num Attribute
• F.5 Direct I/O Support and Concurrent Direct I/O Support
• • F.5.1 Single Instance Requirements
  • F.5.2 Cluster File Systems
  • F.5.3 Tru64 UNIX V5.1B Cluster File Systems
  • F.5.4 Disabling Direct I/O Support
• F.6 Enabling Access to the Real-Time Clock
• F.7 Setting Up Raw Devices
• F.8 Spike Optimization Tool
• • F.8.1 Using Spike

G Using Oracle ODBC Driver

• G.1 Features Not Supported
• G.2 Implementation of Data Types
• G.3 Limitations on Data Types
• G.4 Format of the Connection String for the SQLDriverConnect Function
• G.5 Reducing Lock Timeout in a Program
• G.6 Linking ODBC Applications
• G.7 Obtaining Information About ROWIDs
• G.8 ROWIDs in a WHERE Clause
• G.9 Enabling Result Sets
• G.10 Enabling EXEC Syntax
• G.11 Supported Functionality
• • G.11.1 API Conformance
  • G.11.2 Implementation of ODBC API Functions
  • G.11.3 Implementation of the ODBC SQL Syntax
  • G.11.4 Implementation of Data Types
• G.12 Unicode Support
• • G.12.1 Unicode Support Within the ODBC Environment
  • G.12.2 Unicode Support in ODBC API
  • G.12.3 SQLGetData Performance
  • G.12.4 Unicode Samples
• G.13 Performance and Tuning
• • G.13.1 General ODBC Programming Guidelines
  • G.13.2 Data Source Configuration Options
  • G.13.3 DATE and TIMESTAMP Data Types
• G.14 Error Messages

H Database Limits

• H.1 Database Limits

Index