Contents

Title and Copyright Information

Preface

• Audience
• Documentation Accessibility
• Related Documentation
• Conventions

1 Backup and Recovery Overview

• 1.1 What is Backup and Recovery?
• • 1.1.1 Physical Backups and Logical Backups
  • 1.1.2 Errors and Failures Requiring Recovery from Backup
  • • 1.1.2.1 User Error
    • 1.1.2.2 Media Failure
  • 1.1.3 Oracle Backup and Recovery Solutions: RMAN and User-Managed Backup
• 1.2 Backup and Recovery: Basic Concepts
• • 1.2.1 Physical Database Structures Used in Recovering Data
  • • 1.2.1.1 Datafiles and Data Blocks
    • 1.2.1.2 Redo Logs
    • 1.2.1.3 Control Files
    • 1.2.1.4 Undo Segments
• 1.3 The Database Recovery Process: Basic Concepts
• 1.4 Forms of Data Recovery
• • 1.4.1 Datafile Media Recovery: Restore Datafiles, Apply Redo
  • 1.4.2 Complete, Incomplete and Point-In-Time Recovery
  • 1.4.3 Automatic Recovery After Instance Failure: Crash Recovery
• 1.5 Backup and Recovery with RMAN
• • 1.5.1 Files That RMAN Can Back Up
  • 1.5.2 RMAN Backup Destinations: Disk and Media Managers
  • 1.5.3 Types of Oracle Database Backup under RMAN
  • • 1.5.3.1 About Consistent and Inconsistent Backups
    • 1.5.3.2 About Full and Incremental Backups
    • 1.5.3.3 About Image Copies, Backup Sets and Backup Pieces
• 1.6 Automatic Disk-Based Backup and Recovery: The Flash Recovery Area
• 1.7 Oracle Flashback Technology:Alternatives to Point-in-Time Recovery
• • 1.7.1 About Restore Points
• 1.8 Matching Failures to Backup and Recovery Techniques
• • 1.8.1 Media Failure
  • 1.8.2 User Error
• 1.9 System Requirements for Backup and Recovery Methods
• 1.10 Feature Comparison of Backup Methods

2 Backup and Recovery Strategies

• 2.1 Data Recovery Strategy Determines Backup Strategy
• 2.2 Planning Data Recovery Strategy
• • 2.2.1 Planning Responses to User Error: Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features
  • • 2.2.1.1 Flashback Database
    • 2.2.1.2 Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points
    • 2.2.1.3 Database Point-in-Time Recovery
    • 2.2.1.4 Importing Lost Objects from Logical Backup
  • 2.2.2 Planning a Response to Media Failure: Restore and Media Recovery
  • • 2.2.2.1 Example: Online Redo Log Recovery
  • 2.2.3 Planning a Response to Datafile Block Corruption: Block Media Recovery
• 2.3 Planning Backup Strategy
• • 2.3.1 Protecting Your Redundancy Set
  • 2.3.2 Deciding Whether to Use a Flash Recovery Area
  • 2.3.3 Deciding Between ARCHIVELOG and NOARCHIVELOG Mode
  • • 2.3.3.1 Implications of Running in NOARCHIVELOG Mode
    • 2.3.3.2 Implications of Running in ARCHIVELOG Mode
  • 2.3.4 Deciding Whether to Use Oracle Flashback Features and Restore Points
  • 2.3.5 Choosing a Backup Retention Policy
  • • 2.3.5.1 Implementing Backup Retention Policy with RMAN
    • 2.3.5.2 Recovery Window-Based Backup Retention Policy
    • 2.3.5.3 Redundancy-Based Backup Retention Policy
  • 2.3.6 Archiving Older Backups
  • 2.3.7 Determining Backup Frequency
  • 2.3.8 Performing Backups Before and After You Make Structural Changes
  • 2.3.9 Scheduling Backups for Frequently-Updated Tablespaces
  • 2.3.10 Backing Up after NOLOGGING Operations
  • 2.3.11 Exporting Data for Added Protection and Flexibility
  • 2.3.12 Preventing the Backup of Online Redo Logs
  • 2.3.13 Keeping Records of the Hardware and Software Configuration of the Server
• 2.4 Validating Your Data Recovery Strategy
• • 2.4.1 Using BACKUP... VALIDATE
  • 2.4.2 Validating RMAN Backups: VALIDATE and RESTORE VALIDATE
  • 2.4.3 Testing Your Database Restore and Recovery Procedures

3 Setting Up and Configuring Backup and Recovery

• 3.1 Overview of Interacting With the RMAN Client
• • 3.1.1 Starting and Exiting RMAN
  • 3.1.2 Setting Globalization Support Environment Variables for RMAN
  • 3.1.3 Entering RMAN Commands at the Command Prompt
  • 3.1.4 Using Command Files with RMAN
  • 3.1.5 Checking Syntax of RMAN Commands and Command Files: CHECKSYNTAX
  • • 3.1.5.1 Checking RMAN Syntax at the Command Line: Example
    • 3.1.5.2 Checking RMAN Syntax in Command Files: Example
• 3.2 Using RMAN to Start Up and Shut Down Databases
• 3.3 Connecting the RMAN Client to Databases
• • 3.3.1 Types of Database Connections Used with RMAN
  • 3.3.2 Authentication for Database Connections
  • 3.3.3 Connecting to the Target Database from the Command Line
  • 3.3.4 Connecting to the Target Database from the RMAN Prompt
• 3.4 Setting Up a Database for RMAN Backup
• • 3.4.1 Persistent Configuration Settings: Controlling RMAN Behavior
  • • 3.4.1.1 Displaying Current RMAN Configuration Settings: SHOW
    • 3.4.1.2 Restoring Default RMAN Configuration Settings: CONFIGURE... CLEAR
  • 3.4.2 Configuring the Default Device Type for Backups
  • 3.4.3 Configuring the Default Backup Type for Disk Backups
  • 3.4.4 Configuring Compressed Backupsets as Default for Tape or Disk
  • 3.4.5 Configuring Disk Devices and Channels
  • 3.4.6 Configuring Tape Devices and Channels
  • 3.4.7 Configuring Control File and Server Parameter File Autobackup
  • • 3.4.7.1 Configuring the Control File Autobackup Format
    • 3.4.7.2 Overriding the Configured Control File Autobackup Format
• 3.5 Setting Up a Flash Recovery Area for RMAN
• • 3.5.1 Choosing a Location for the Flash Recovery Area
  • • 3.5.1.1 Flash Recovery Area, Automatic Storage Management, and Oracle Managed Files
  • 3.5.2 Files That Can Be Stored in the Flash Recovery Area
  • 3.5.3 Planning the Size of the Flash Recovery Area
  • 3.5.4 Setting Initialization Parameters for Size and Location of the Flash Recovery Area
  • • 3.5.4.1 Flash Recovery Area Size: DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE
    • 3.5.4.2 Flash Recovery Area Location: Initialization Parameter DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
    • 3.5.4.3 Sharing a Flash Recovery Area Among Multiple Databases
    • 3.5.4.4 Restrictions on Initialization Parameters When Using Flash Recovery Area
    • 3.5.4.5 Adding a Flash Recovery Area to an Existing Database
    • 3.5.4.6 Using V$RECOVERY_FILE_DEST and V$FLASH_RECOVERY_AREA_USAGE
    • 3.5.4.7 Disabling the Flash Recovery Area
  • 3.5.5 Configuring the Backup Retention Policy
  • • 3.5.5.1 Configuring a Recovery Window-Based Retention Policy
    • 3.5.5.2 Configuring a Redundancy-Based Retention Policy
    • 3.5.5.3 Showing the Current Retention Policy
    • 3.5.5.4 Disabling the Retention Policy
  • 3.5.6 How Oracle Manages Disk Space in the Flash Recovery Area
  • • 3.5.6.1 When Files are Eligible for Deletion from the Flash Recovery Area
    • 3.5.6.2 When Space is Not Available in the Flash Recovery Area
  • 3.5.7 Configure Flash Recovery Area for Disk-Based Backups: Example
  • 3.5.8 Create a Database with Multiplexed Files in the Flash Recovery Area: Scenario
  • 3.5.9 Creating a Database with Only Archived Logs in the Flash Recovery Area: Scenario

4 Backing Up Databases Using RMAN

• 4.1 Overview of RMAN Backups
• • 4.1.1 Files That RMAN Can Back Up
  • 4.1.2 About RMAN Backup Formats: Image Copies and Backup Sets
  • • 4.1.2.1 About Image Copies
    • 4.1.2.2 About Backup Sets
  • 4.1.3 About RMAN Full and Incremental Datafile Backups
• 4.2 Specifying Options Affecting Output of the RMAN BACKUP Command
• • 4.2.1 Specifying Output Device Type for RMAN BACKUP
  • 4.2.2 Specifying Image Copy or Backup Set Output for RMAN BACKUP to Disk
  • 4.2.3 Specifying Output File Locations for RMAN BACKUP
  • 4.2.4 Specifying Tags for RMAN BACKUP
  • 4.2.5 Using Compressed Backupsets for RMAN Backup
• 4.3 Backing Up Database Files and Archived Logs with RMAN
• • 4.3.1 Making Consistent and Inconsistent Backups with RMAN
  • 4.3.2 Making Whole Database Backups with RMAN
  • 4.3.3 Backing Up Individual Tablespaces with RMAN
  • 4.3.4 Backing Up Individual Datafiles and Datafile Copies with RMAN
  • • 4.3.4.1 Backing Up Datafiles
    • 4.3.4.2 Backing Up Datafile Copies
  • 4.3.5 Backing Up Control Files with RMAN
  • • 4.3.5.1 Including the Current Control File in a Backup of Other Files
    • 4.3.5.2 Backing Up the Current Control File Manually
    • 4.3.5.3 Backing Up a Control File Copy
  • 4.3.6 Backing Up Server Parameter Files with RMAN
  • 4.3.7 Backing Up Archived Redo Logs with RMAN
  • • 4.3.7.1 Backing Up Archived Redo Log Files with BACKUP ARCHIVELOG
    • • 4.3.7.1.1 Automatic Online Redo Log Switches During Backups of Archived Logs
      • 4.3.7.1.2 Using BACKUP ARCHIVELOG with DELETE INPUT or DELETE ALL INPUT
    • 4.3.7.2 Backing Up Logs with BACKUP ... PLUS ARCHIVELOG
• 4.4 RMAN Incremental Backups
• • 4.4.1 Incremental Backup Algorithm
  • • 4.4.1.1 Level 0 and Level 1 Incremental Backups
    • 4.4.1.2 Differential Incremental Backups
    • 4.4.1.3 Cumulative Incremental Backups
    • 4.4.1.4 Basic Incremental Backup Strategy
  • 4.4.2 Making Incremental Backups: BACKUP INCREMENTAL
  • 4.4.3 Incrementally Updated Backups: Rolling Forward Image Copy Backups
  • • 4.4.3.1 Incrementally Updated Backups: A Basic Example
    • 4.4.3.2 Incrementally Updated Backups: A One Week Example
  • 4.4.4 Improving Incremental Backup Performance: Change Tracking
  • • 4.4.4.1 Enabling and Disabling Change Tracking
    • 4.4.4.2 Checking Whether Change Tracking is Enabled
    • 4.4.4.3 Moving the Change Tracking File
    • 4.4.4.4 Estimating Size of the Change Tracking File on Disk
• 4.5 Using RMAN to Validate Database Files
• 4.6 Overview of Reporting on Backups and the RMAN Repository
• 4.7 Listing RMAN Backups, Archived Logs, and Database Incarnations
• • 4.7.1 About RMAN Reports Generated by the LIST Command
  • 4.7.2 Listing Backups
  • • 4.7.2.1 Listing Backups by Backup
    • 4.7.2.2 Listing Backups by File
  • 4.7.3 Listing Backups in Summary Mode
  • 4.7.4 Listing Selected Backups
  • 4.7.5 Listing Database Incarnations
• 4.8 Reporting on Backups and Database Schema
• • 4.8.1 About Reports of RMAN Backups
  • 4.8.2 Reporting on Files Needing a Backup Under a Retention Policy
  • • 4.8.2.1 Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Different Retention Policies
    • 4.8.2.2 Using RMAN REPORT NEED BACKUP with Tablespaces and Datafiles
    • 4.8.2.3 Using REPORT NEED BACKUP with Backups onTape or Disk Only
  • 4.8.3 Reporting on Datafiles Affected by Unrecoverable Operations
  • 4.8.4 Reporting Obsolete Backups
  • 4.8.5 Reporting on the Database Schema

5 Data Protection with Restore Points and Flashback Database

• 5.1 Restore Points and Flashback Database: Concepts
• • 5.1.1 About Flashback Database
  • • 5.1.1.1 About the Flashback Database Window
  • 5.1.2 About Normal Restore Points
  • • 5.1.2.1 Commands Supporting the Use of Restore Points
  • 5.1.3 About Guaranteed Restore Points
  • • 5.1.3.1 Using Guaranteed Restore Points Instead of Storage Snapshots
  • 5.1.4 About Logging for Flashback Database and Guaranteed Restore Points
  • • 5.1.4.1 Guaranteed Restore Points and Flash Recovery Area Space Usage
    • 5.1.4.2 Logging for Guaranteed Restore Points With Flashback Logging Disabled
    • 5.1.4.3 Logging for Flashback Database With Guaranteed Restore Points Defined
• 5.2 Using Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points
• • 5.2.1 Requirements for Using Guaranteed Restore Points
  • 5.2.2 Creating Normal and Guaranteed Restore Points
  • 5.2.3 Listing Restore Points
  • 5.2.4 Dropping Restore Points
  • 5.2.5 Monitoring Space Usage For Guaranteed Restore Points
• 5.3 Setup and Maintenance for Oracle Flashback Database
• • 5.3.1 Limitations of Flashback Database
  • 5.3.2 Requirements for Enabling Flashback Database
  • 5.3.3 Enabling Logging for Flashback Database
  • 5.3.4 Sizing the Flash Recovery Area to Include Flashback Logs
  • • 5.3.4.1 Estimating Disk Space Requirements for Flashback Database Logs
  • 5.3.5 Managing Space For Flashback Logs in the Flash Recovery Area
  • • 5.3.5.1 Rules for Retention and Deletion of Flashback Logs
  • 5.3.6 Determining the Current Window for Flashback Database
  • 5.3.7 Performance Tuning for Flashback Database
  • 5.3.8 Monitoring Flashback Database Performance Impact
  • 5.3.9 Flashback Writer (RVWR) Behavior With I/O Errors

6 Performing Complete Restore and Recovery of Databases

• 6.1 Database Restore and Recovery with RMAN: Overview
• • 6.1.1 Scope and Limitations of this Chapter
  • 6.1.2 Restore and Recovery with Enterprise Manager
• 6.2 Basic Database Restore and Recovery Scenarios
• • 6.2.1 Restore and Recovery of a Whole Database: Scenario
  • • 6.2.1.1 Recovery of Databases with Read-Only Tablespaces
    • 6.2.1.2 Re-Creation of Temporary Tablespaces in Whole Database Restore and Recovery
  • 6.2.2 Restore and Complete Recovery of Individual Tablespaces or Datafiles: Scenario
• 6.3 Preparing and Planning Database Restore and Recovery
• • 6.3.1 Database Restore and Recovery Procedure: Outline
  • 6.3.2 Determining Which Database Files to Restore or Recover
  • • 6.3.2.1 Recognizing a Lost Control File
    • 6.3.2.2 Identifying Datafiles Requiring Media Recovery
    • 6.3.2.3 Recovery of Read-Only Tablespaces
  • 6.3.3 Determining your DBID
  • 6.3.4 Previewing Backups Used in Restore Operations: RESTORE PREVIEW
  • • 6.3.4.1 Using RESTORE... PREVIEW
    • 6.3.4.2 Using RESTORE... PREVIEW SUMMARY
    • 6.3.4.3 Using RESTORE... PREVIEW RECALL
  • 6.3.5 Validating the Restore of Backups: RESTORE VALIDATE and VALIDATE BACKUPSET
  • • 6.3.5.1 Validating Restore from Backup with RESTORE ... VALIDATE
    • 6.3.5.2 Validating Backup Sets with VALIDATE BACKUPSET
• 6.4 RMAN RESTORE: Restoring Lost Database Files from Backup
• • 6.4.1 Restoring the Control File from Backup
  • • 6.4.1.1 Default Destination for Restore of the Control File
    • 6.4.1.2 Restore of the Control File from Control File Autobackup
    • 6.4.1.3 Restore of the Control File When Using a Flash Recovery Area
    • 6.4.1.4 Restoring a Control File When Using a Recovery Catalog
    • 6.4.1.5 Restore of the Control File From a Known Location
    • 6.4.1.6 Restore of the Control File to a New Location
    • 6.4.1.7 Limitations When Using a Backup Control File
  • 6.4.2 Restoring the Server Parameter File (SPFILE) from Backup
  • • 6.4.2.1 Restore of the SPFILE from the Control File Autobackup
    • 6.4.2.2 Creating a Client-Side Initialization Parameter File (PFILE) with RMAN
  • 6.4.3 Restoring and Recovering Datafiles and Tablespaces
  • • 6.4.3.1 Restoring Datafiles from Backup to a New Location
    • 6.4.3.2 Performing Media Recovery of a Restored Database, Tablespace or Datafile
    • 6.4.3.3 Restore and Recover of a Single Datafile to a New Location:Example
  • 6.4.4 Restoring Archived Redo Logs from Backup
  • • 6.4.4.1 Restoring Archived Redo Logs to a New Location
    • 6.4.4.2 Restoring Archived Redo Logs to Multiple Locations

7 Performing Flashback and Database Point-in-Time Recovery

• 7.1 About Point-in-Time Recovery and Flashback Features
• • 7.1.1 About Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • 7.1.2 Oracle Flashback Technology:Alternatives to Point-in-Time Recovery
• 7.2 Oracle Flashback Query: Recovering at the Row Level
• 7.3 Oracle Flashback Table: Returning Individual Tables to Past States
• • 7.3.1 Prerequisites for Using Flashback Table
  • 7.3.2 Performing Flashback Table
• 7.4 Oracle Flashback Drop: Undo a DROP TABLE Operation
• • 7.4.1 What is the Recycle Bin?
  • 7.4.2 How Tables and Other Objects Are Placed in the Recycle Bin
  • 7.4.3 Naming Convention for Objects in the Recycle Bin
  • 7.4.4 Enabling and Disabling the Recycle Bin
  • 7.4.5 Viewing and Querying Objects in the Recycle Bin
  • 7.4.6 Recycle Bin Capacity and Space Pressure
  • • 7.4.6.1 Understanding Space Pressure
    • 7.4.6.2 How the Database Responds to Space Pressure
    • 7.4.6.3 Recycle Bin Objects and Segments
  • 7.4.7 Performing Flashback Drop on Tables in the Recycle Bin
  • • 7.4.7.1 Flashback Drop of Multiple Objects With the Same Original Name
  • 7.4.8 Purging Objects from the Recycle Bin
  • • 7.4.8.1 PURGE TABLE: Purging a Table and Dependent Objects
    • 7.4.8.2 PURGE INDEX: Freeing Space in the Recycle Bin
    • 7.4.8.3 PURGE TABLESPACE: Purging All Dropped Objects from a Tablespace
    • 7.4.8.4 PURGE RECYCLEBIN: Purging All Objects in a User's Recycle Bin
    • 7.4.8.5 PURGE DBA_RECYCLEBIN: Purging All Recycle Bin Objects
    • 7.4.8.6 Dropping a Tablespace, Cluster, User or Type and the Recycle Bin
  • 7.4.9 Privileges and Security for Flashback Drop
  • 7.4.10 Limitations and Restrictions on Flashback Drop
• 7.5 Reversing Database Changes with Flashback Database
• • 7.5.1 Performing Flashback Database: Scenario
  • • 7.5.1.1 Options After a Successful Flashback Database Operation
    • 7.5.1.2 Options After Flashback Database to the Wrong Time
    • 7.5.1.3 Flashback Database and Ambiguous SCNs Across Incarnations
  • 7.5.2 Performing Flashback Database to a Guaranteed Restore Point
  • 7.5.3 Performing Flashback Database to Undo an OPEN RESETLOGS
  • • 7.5.3.1 Flashback Database Across OPEN RESETLOGS With Standby Databases
  • 7.5.4 Flashback Database To The Right of Open Resetlogs: Example
• 7.6 Performing Database Point-In-Time Recovery
• • 7.6.1 Requirements for Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • 7.6.2 Point-in-Time Recovery and Database Incarnations: Concepts
  • • 7.6.2.1 Understanding Parent, Ancestor and Sibling Database Incarnations
    • 7.6.2.2 Incarnation History of a Database: Example
    • • 7.6.2.2.1 Sibling Incarnations, Ambiguous SCNs and RESET DATABASE INCARNATION
    • 7.6.2.3 Database Incarnations and Orphaned Backups
    • • 7.6.2.3.1 Uses of Orphaned Backups
  • 7.6.3 Preparing for Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • 7.6.4 Database Point-in-Time Recovery Within the Current Incarnation
  • • 7.6.4.1 Using a Time Expression for Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • 7.6.5 Options After Database Point-in-Time Recovery
  • 7.6.6 Point-in-Time Recovery to an Ancestor Incarnation

8 Recovery Manager Maintenance Tasks

• 8.1 Managing the RMAN Repository Using Only the Control File
• • 8.1.1 Backing Up and Restoring the Control File
  • 8.1.2 Monitoring the Overwriting of Control File Records
  • • 8.1.2.1 Managing the Overwriting of Control File Records
    • 8.1.2.2 Interaction of Flash Recovery Area and CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME
• 8.2 Using CROSSCHECK to Update the RMAN Repository
• • 8.2.1 About RMAN Crosschecks
  • 8.2.2 Basic Use of CROSSCHECK with Backup Sets and Image Copies
  • 8.2.3 Crosschecking Specific Backup Sets and Copies
  • 8.2.4 Crosschecking Backups of Specific Database Files
  • 8.2.5 Limiting RMAN CROSSCHECK to a Backups Since a Specific Time
• 8.3 Deleting Backups
• • 8.3.1 Deleting Specified Backups
  • 8.3.2 Deleting Expired RMAN Backups after CROSSCHECK
  • 8.3.3 Using DELETE FORCE With RMAN Backups
  • 8.3.4 Deleting Obsolete RMAN Backups Based on Retention Policies
  • • 8.3.4.1 DELETE OBSOLETE Behavior When KEEP UNTIL Time Expires
• 8.4 Using Multiple RMAN Channels for Maintenance Operations
• • 8.4.1 About Allocating Multiple RMAN Channels for Maintenance Commands
  • 8.4.2 How RMAN Crosschecks and Deletes on Multiple Channels
  • 8.4.3 Crosschecking Disk and Tape Channels with One Command: Example
  • 8.4.4 Crosschecking on Multiple Oracle Real Application Cluster Nodes: Example
  • 8.4.5 Deleting on Disk and Tape Channels with One DELETE Command: Example
  • 8.4.6 Releasing Multiple Channels: Example
• 8.5 Deleting a Database with RMAN
• 8.6 Changing the Status of a Backup Record
• • 8.6.1 Marking a Backup AVAILABLE or UNAVAILABLE
  • 8.6.2 Exempting a Long-Term Backup from the Retention Policy
• 8.7 Cataloging Archived Logs and User-Managed Copies
• • 8.7.1 About Cataloging Archived Logs and User-Managed Copies
  • 8.7.2 Cataloging User-Managed Datafile Copies
  • 8.7.3 Cataloging Backup Pieces
  • 8.7.4 Cataloging All Files in a Disk Location
  • 8.7.5 Cataloging Flash Recovery Area Contents
• 8.8 Uncataloging RMAN Records
• • 8.8.1 About Uncataloging RMAN Records
  • 8.8.2 Removing Records for Files Deleted with Operating System Utilities
• 8.9 Flash Recovery Area Maintenance
• • 8.9.1 Resolving a Full Flash Recovery Area
  • 8.9.2 Changing the Flash Recovery Area to a New Location
  • 8.9.3 Flash Recovery Area Behavior When Instance Crashes During File Creation

A RMAN-Based Disk and Tape Backup Strategies: Scenarios

• A.1 Backing Up to the Flash Recovery Area: Basic Scenarios
• • A.1.1 Scripting Disk-Only Backups
  • • A.1.1.1 Backup Scripts When Few Data Blocks Change
    • • A.1.1.1.1 Initial Setup
      • A.1.1.1.2 Daily Script
    • A.1.1.2 Backup Scripts When Blocks Change Frequently
    • A.1.1.3 Backup Scripts When a Moderate Number of Blocks Change Weekly
    • • A.1.1.3.1 Initial Setup
      • A.1.1.3.2 Weekly Script
• A.2 Backing Up to the Flash Recovery Area and to Tape: Basic Scenarios
• • A.2.1 Configuring the RMAN Environment for Disk and Tape Backups
  • A.2.2 Writing Backup Scripts for Disk and Tape Scenarios
  • • A.2.2.1 Backup Scripts When Few Data Blocks Change
    • • A.2.2.1.1 Initial Setup
      • A.2.2.1.2 Daily Script
    • A.2.2.2 Backup Scripts When Many Blocks Change
    • • A.2.2.2.1 Initial Setup
      • A.2.2.2.2 Weekly Scripts
      • A.2.2.2.3 Daily Script
    • A.2.2.3 Backup Scripts When Blocks Change Moderately
    • • A.2.2.3.1 Initial Setup
      • A.2.2.3.2 Weekly Script
      • A.2.2.3.3 Daily Script
    • A.2.2.4 Backup Scripts When Not Enough Disk Space for a Database Backup
    • • A.2.2.4.1 Weekly Script
      • A.2.2.4.2 Daily Script

Glossary

Index